It's a common digestive problem that affects how your gut (intestines) works however it doesn't cause damage to the gut or lead to serious diseases.
Cause of IBS
The exact cause isn’t known
- Too fast or too slow movement of food through the gut
- Stress and anxiety increase symptoms
- Changes in gut bacteria
- Certain foods triggering symptoms
Common Symptoms
- Bloating (feeling swollen in the belly)
- Gas and burping
- Stomach pain or cramps, often relieved after a bowel movement
- Changes in bowel habits- loose motions or constipation or alternating symptoms.
The symptoms come and go and may be worse after meals or during stressful times.
Is IBS Dangerous?
No. IBS does not damage the intestines, cause cancer, or shorten your life. But it affects your quality of life if not managed well.
Triggers of IBS
- Certain foods (fatty, spicy, dairy, caffeine, artificial sweeteners, etc.)
- Large meals
- Stress or anxiety
- Hormonal changes
How Is It Diagnosed?
There’s no specific test for IBS, but your doctor may:
- Ask about your symptoms
- Rule out other conditions (like infections, celiac disease, or IBD)
- Blood tests, stool tests, or colonoscopy (passage of endoscope through anus) may be needed
Treatment
- Asking symptoms
- Breath test, blood test, or stool test to check for H. pylori
- Endoscopy (a thin tube with camera down the throat) if needed
Treatment:
There’s no “cure”, but symptoms can be managed by:
1. Diet Changes:
- Try a low FODMAP diet (avoids gas-forming foods)
- Keep a food diary to spot triggers
- Eat regular, smaller meals
2. Lifestyle (Most important):
- Reduce stress (yoga, meditation, exercise)
- Sleep well
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
3. Medicines (if needed):
- Fiber supplements or laxatives (for constipation)
- Anti-diarrheal medication
- Antispasmodics (for cramps)
- Sometimes antidepressants (low dose, for gut sensitivity and stress)
When to See a Doctor?
- Weight loss without trying
- Blood in stool
- Severe pain
- Symptoms that wake you up at night
These are not typical of IBS and need further evaluation
Final Thoughts
IBS is a long-term condition, but with the right diet, stress control, and support, most people can live a normal, healthy life.
