What is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a medical test that lets a doctor look inside your large intestine (colon) and rectum. It's done using a long, thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope, which has a tiny camera and light at the end. This helps the doctor see the inside of your colon on a screen.
It is the best way to check for problems like polyps (small growths), blood in stools, or early signs of colon cancer.
Why is it Done?
Doctors may recommend a colonoscopy if you have:
- Changes in bowel habits (like diarrhoea or constipation)
- Blood in stool
- Unexplained abdomen pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- A family history of colon cancer
What Happens During the Procedure?
1. Before the Test – Bowel Preparation
- You’ll be asked to drink a special liquid the day before to empty your bowels.
- It may cause loose motions, but it's important to clean out your colon so the doctor can see clearly.
- 4-6 hrs fasting is needed prior to procedure.
2. During the Test:
- You’ll be given medication (sedation) to help you relax or even sleep.
- The doctor gently inserts the colonoscope through your rectum and guides it through your colon.
- The test usually takes about 15 to 20 minutes.
3. After the Test:
- You’ll rest until the sedative wears off.
- You may feel a little bloated or gassy for a few hours.
- You’ll need someone to take you home since you’ve had sedation.
Is it Painful?
No, most people do not feel pain during a colonoscopy because they are sedated. You might feel a bit of pressure or cramping afterward, but it goes away quickly.
Is it Safe?
Yes, colonoscopy is a safe procedure. Serious complications are rare but can include bleeding or a small tear in the colon wall. Your doctor will talk with you about any risks based on your health.
Summary
A colonoscopy is a safe and effective way to check for problems in your colon and help prevent colon cancer.
